Apa itu PHPUnit?

PHPUnit adalah framework testing standar untuk PHP. Di Laravel, PHPUnit sudah terinstal secara default dan siap digunakan.

Struktur Test Class

<?php

namespace Tests\Unit;

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class KalkulatorTest extends TestCase
{
    public function test_penjumlahan(): void
    {
        $hasil = 2 + 3;
        $this->assertEquals(5, $hasil);
    }

    public function test_perkalian(): void
    {
        $hasil = 4 * 5;
        $this->assertEquals(20, $hasil);
    }
}

Assertions Dasar

// Equality
$this->assertEquals("Budi", $user->nama);
$this->assertSame(5, $hasil); // strict type comparison

// Boolean
$this->assertTrue($user->isActive());
$this->assertFalse($user->isBanned());

// Null
$this->assertNull($result);
$this->assertNotNull($user);

// Array
$this->assertCount(3, $items);
$this->assertContains("apel", $buah);
$this->assertArrayHasKey("nama", $data);

// String
$this->assertStringContainsString("Halo", $pesan);
$this->assertMatchesRegularExpression("/\d{4}/", $tahun);

// Type
$this->assertInstanceOf(User::class, $user);

Data Providers

Untuk menjalankan test yang sama dengan berbagai input:

use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;

class MathTest extends TestCase
{
    public static function dataProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            "dua plus tiga" => [2, 3, 5],
            "nol plus nol"  => [0, 0, 0],
            "negatif"       => [-1, -2, -3],
        ];
    }

    #[DataProvider("dataProvider")]
    public function test_penjumlahan(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void
    {
        $this->assertEquals($expected, $a + $b);
    }
}

setUp() dan tearDown()

class UserServiceTest extends TestCase
{
    private UserService $service;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();
        $this->service = new UserService();
    }

    protected function tearDown(): void
    {
        // bersihkan resource jika perlu
        parent::tearDown();
    }

    public function test_create_user(): void
    {
        $user = $this->service->create("Budi");
        $this->assertEquals("Budi", $user->nama);
    }
}

Menjalankan Test di Laravel

# Jalankan semua test
php artisan test

# Jalankan file tertentu
php artisan test tests/Unit/KalkulatorTest.php

# Filter test by name
php artisan test --filter=test_penjumlahan

# Dengan output detail
php artisan test --compact