Pluralization & Gender

Pluralisasi bukan sekadar "1 = singular, 2+ = plural". Bahasa Arab punya 6 bentuk plural, Rusia punya 3, dan Jepang tidak punya plural sama sekali. ICU Message Format adalah standar industri untuk menangani ini.

Plural Rules per Bahasa

// English: 2 forms (one, other)
"1 item" / "5 items"

// Indonesian: 1 form (other) — tidak ada plural marker
"1 item" / "5 item"

// Russian: 3 forms (one, few, many)
"1 файл" / "2 файла" / "5 файлов"

// Arabic: 6 forms (zero, one, two, few, many, other)
// Masing-masing punya aturan sendiri

ICU Message Format — Plural

// ICU plural syntax
{count, plural,
  =0 {Tidak ada pesan}
  one {# pesan}
  other {# pesan}
}

// Contoh di JSON
{
  "notifications": "{count, plural, =0 {Tidak ada notifikasi} one {# notifikasi baru} other {# notifikasi baru}}",
  "cart": "{count, plural, =0 {Keranjang kosong} other {# barang di keranjang}}"
}

// English version
{
  "notifications": "{count, plural, =0 {No notifications} one {# new notification} other {# new notifications}}",
  "cart": "{count, plural, =0 {Cart is empty} one {# item in cart} other {# items in cart}}"
}

ICU Message Format — Select (Gender)

// Gender selection
{gender, select,
  male {Dia mengirim pesannya}
  female {Dia mengirim pesannya}
  other {Mereka mengirim pesannya}
}

// Contoh JSON
{
  "profile_update": "{gender, select, male {Dia memperbarui profilnya} female {Dia memperbarui profilnya} other {Pengguna memperbarui profilnya}}"
}

// English — gender matters more
{
  "profile_update": "{gender, select, male {He updated his profile} female {She updated her profile} other {They updated their profile}}"
}

Nested ICU: Plural + Select

// Combine plural dan select
{
  "liked": "{gender, select,
    female {{count, plural,
      one {{name} menyukai fotomu}
      other {{name} dan # orang lainnya menyukai fotomu}
    }}
    male {{count, plural,
      one {{name} menyukai fotomu}
      other {{name} dan # orang lainnya menyukai fotomu}
    }}
    other {{count, plural,
      one {{name} menyukai fotomu}
      other {{name} dan # orang lainnya menyukai fotomu}
    }}
  }"
}

i18next Pluralization

// i18next menggunakan suffix _one, _other, dll
// en/translation.json
{
  "item": "{{count}} item",
  "item_other": "{{count}} items",
  "item_zero": "No items"
}

// id/translation.json — bahasa Indonesia tidak punya plural form
{
  "item_other": "{{count}} item"
}

// Usage
t("item", { count: 0 })  // "No items" (en) / "0 item" (id)
t("item", { count: 1 })  // "1 item" (en) / "1 item" (id)
t("item", { count: 5 })  // "5 items" (en) / "5 item" (id)

Ordinal Numbers

// English ordinals: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...
{count, selectordinal,
  one {#st}
  two {#nd}
  few {#rd}
  other {#th}
}
// "1st place", "2nd place", "3rd place", "4th place"