Object Storage untuk Web Developer

Object storage menyimpan file (gambar, video, backup, static assets) sebagai objek di cloud. Berbeda dari filesystem tradisional — setiap objek punya key unik, metadata, dan disimpan di bucket.

Provider Utama

• AWS S3 — Pioneer, paling mature, 99.999999999% durability
• Cloudflare R2 — S3-compatible, zero egress fees
• Google Cloud Storage (GCS) — Integrated dengan Google ecosystem
• DigitalOcean Spaces — Simple, S3-compatible

Konsep Dasar

// Bucket = container untuk objek
// Key = path/nama file dalam bucket
// Object = file + metadata

// Upload dengan AWS SDK
import { S3Client, PutObjectCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-s3";

const s3 = new S3Client({ region: "ap-southeast-1" });

await s3.send(new PutObjectCommand({
  Bucket: "myapp-uploads",
  Key: `avatars/${userId}.jpg`,
  Body: fileBuffer,
  ContentType: "image/jpeg",
}));

Presigned URLs

Jangan upload file melalui server — gunakan presigned URL agar client upload langsung ke S3.

import { getSignedUrl } from "@aws-sdk/s3-request-presigner";

const url = await getSignedUrl(s3, new PutObjectCommand({
  Bucket: "myapp-uploads",
  Key: `uploads/${filename}`,
}), { expiresIn: 300 }); // 5 menit

// Client upload langsung ke URL ini

Storage Classes

• Standard — Akses sering, latency rendah
• Infrequent Access — Akses jarang, biaya storage rendah
• Glacier/Archive — Backup jangka panjang, retrieval lambat